Economic Growth Of A Global Village - 1114 Words

Economic growth of countries has always been a topic of research interest. Whether the country is developed, developing or least developed, economic researchers tried to find the reason behind economic growth or the lack of it. With many other factors contributing towards economic growth, international trade was also found beneficial for both trading countries according to Edwards (1993). Today, when the world is becoming a global village, the importance and benefits of international trade cannot be ignored. Many theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted relating export import and economic growth. Previously, the focus was mainly given to export and export led growth ignoring the case that import in many ways increases export. Afterwards, many economists brought import demand in the scenario and captured the whole picture and relationship between export, import and economic growth. Empirical studies found different results for different regions and countries of the world. Some accepted and some rejected the relationship. Similar to many other developing countries, Bangladesh also aims towards high and sustainable economic growth. To maintain that determinants of growth are identified and policies are made according to that. Starting extensive trade liberalization during early 90s was one step towards that which clearly shows the result in terms of faster growing economy. After the liberation, Bangladesh was following a protectionist approach in terms ofShow MoreRelatedIs Globalization a Good Thing? Discuss with Reference to Either Culture, Economics or Politics.1467 Words   |  6 Pagesintegration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. In this essay I will use culture as reference to discuss the abov e question. I will look at the Globalists ( positive and the pessimistic globalists )Read MorePoverty and Inequality in Society683 Words   |  3 Pagesby day and this is because the governments in many countries have limited access to resources to supply to the people (Global Issues, 2013). Over 3 billion people survive on less than $2.50 a day. One in every two children lives in poverty. Millions live without proper shelter, safe water or access to health services. In 2003, 10.6 million died before they reach the age of 5 (Global Issues, 2013). This means that there have been roughly 29000 deaths per day. Poverty exists in all countries inRead MoreGlobalization Is Not Being Exploited By Capitalists Essay1615 Words   |  7 Pagesdemand comes greater production and the twenty-first century capitalist economies have changed patterns of free trade, rely on commodities and resources to be able to make profit and be integrated into the open-market, benefitting from further economic growth. This change in trade patterns amongst different markets are based on product specialization and the division of labour to create employment opportunities, income and surplus benefits are extended to other parts of the globe. These patterns ofRead MoreGreen Village And Green Villages993 Words   |  4 PagesGreen Villages in Rwanda Rwanda is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa. The vast majority of the population resides in rural areas and rather than living in villages, they live in scattered homestead built close to household fields. 90% of Rwandan has a widespread dependence on subsistence agriculture but which is mostly coupled with land scarcity. This pressure on land has consequently resulted into many land disputes. Thus, it has made it increasingly difficult for subsistenceRead MoreThe Continued Increase in the Global Poplulation846 Words   |  3 PagesThe global population is increasing exponentially. Enormous quantities of children are born each day and a small percentage is born into an adequate household. This drastically affects the global economy, society and the environment. As Margaret Sanger, founder of Planned Parenthood, said â€Å"more children from the fit, less from the unfit† (Sanger). Population control needs to be implemented through the enforcement of sexual education and greater access to contraceptives in order to decrease the numberRead MoreSustainable Education And Green Campus Design Creating A Marketing Value For The Universities1498 Words   |  6 PagesLiverman, and Robert W. Merideth Jr. â€Å"Global Sustainability: Toward Definition.† Environmental Management 11, no. 6 (1987): 713–719. In the article the authors address that sustainability is a word becoming increasingly more popular each day. The definition of this word depends on the context and the discipline in which it is used as well as temporal and spatial scales. Furthermore it is possible to approach it in terms of triple bottom line; environmental, economic and social aspects. For the futureRead MoreLogging And Land Conversion Activities For Agriculture And Palm Oil Plantation1605 Words   |  7 PagesPollution (THP) in Southeast Asia. Widespread forest/land fires and the resulting haze emerge from Sumatera and Kalimantan island, particularly intense during the dry season, have polluted the air of Singapore and Malaysia with poison smoke, thus causing economic, social, and environmental loss, posing serious health risk and inflicting regional tension (Jones, 2014; World Bank, 2015 Islam et al, 2016). The government of Indonesia has introduced a number of legislations regarding the prevention and prohibi tionRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Globalization on South Africa767 Words   |  4 Pagescross-border trade, investment, and cultural exchange. Globalization has been dominated by the nation-state, national economies, and national cultural identities. The new form of globalization is an interconnected world and global mass culture, often referred to as a global village. â€Å"(Bhagwati,2004).Globalization is perhaps the central concept of our age (Bhagwati, 2004). Developing country refers to the countries which are economicaly and technologically undeveloped.South Africa stands as a semi-sephereRead MoreEssay about Cheap Labor1025 Words   |  5 PagesCheap Labor Economic growth has always been the greatest interest of the world. Any studies and researches are done to improve the economy of Third World Countries. Unemployment rate and underpaid cheap labor is a big problem that the most of the Third World Countries face today in our global village. Unemployment rate of a nation affects the affordable living of local people because they are not able to afford healthcare, education, and proper housing for their family. Being unable to affordRead MoreThe Great Divide Of The Global Village By Bruce R. Scott1465 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay, I will argue that the article â€Å"The Great Divide in the Global Village† by Bruce R. Scott provides more logical and factual evidence that helps under the complexity of national economic growth and development. Scott states a catching yet quick statement about how economical promises of the world, both domestic and foreign are misleading. He states â€Å"Mainstream economic thought promises that globalization will lead to a widespread improvement in average incomes.† However the evidence

Conformity and Obedience Essays - 2559 Words

Conformity and Obedience Why do we conform? Two basic sources of influence: normative social influence, the need to be liked, accepted by others and Informational influence: need to be correct and to behave in accordance with reality. Solomon Asch (1956) devised an experiment to see if subjects would conform even if they were uncertain that the group norm was incorrect. In his study he asked subjects to take part in an experiment. They were each asked to match a standard length line with three other lines. He found that one of the situational factors of conformity is the size of the opposing majority. In a series of studies he varied the number of confederates that gave correct answers from 1 -15. He found that subjects conformed†¦show more content†¦Moscovici found that consistency in the minority was important in winning over the majority with respect to the colour of the slides. Not all decisions are made from a majority influence. For example, the suffragettes started a movement in 1920 which changed the public and private opinion allowing women to have the right to vote in western society. As long as a minority stick by four basic rules then they stand a good chance of succeeding in their campaign. They need to be Consistent in their views, Flexible not too rigid in their views, Committed to the cause until its heard and Relevant, they have more chance of being influential if their views are in line with social trends. Another experiment that psychologists use in respect of conformity and obedience is an experiment that was carried out by a psychologist named Stanley Milgram. He recruited 40 male participants by advertising for volunteers to take part in a study to see how punishment affects learning. The study was to take place at Yale University and everyone would be paid the same rate of $4.50 and they were informed that they would still get paid if they quit during the study. There were two confederates one an experimenter and the other a learner. The participants were always the teacher. The teacher was placed with the psychologist in one room and the learner inShow MoreRelatedConformity and Obedience1770 Words   |  8 PagesConformity and Obedience Assignment In this assignment I intend to evaluate Stanley Milgrams studies of obedience and in particular the ethical issues broken. I hope to determine whether the knowledge gained justifies his experiments. After the destruction and atrocities committed in World War II many historians argued that there must be some sort of character defect that made the German people more obedient. Mailgram’s study was an attempt to test ‘the Germans are different’ hypothesis. TheRead MoreHistory Of Obedience And Conformity1729 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of Obedience and Conformity With the utterance of â€Å"research in obedience,† Stanley Milgram is the epithet in social psychology. 56 years ago, Milgram tested the limits of a person s ability to commit deeds that would normally be directionally challenging to their moral compass when commanded to act by an authority figure. Just 15 years after the World War II Holocaust, the Milgram experiments was a social psychology response to a topic of â€Å"particular relevance† during that time (MilgramRead MoreConformity and Obedience Essay3326 Words   |  14 PagesConformity and Obedience Task: outline and evaluate findings from conformity and obedience research and consider explanations for conformity (and non-conformity), as well as evaluating Milgram’s studies of obedience (including ethical issues). The following essay will be about understanding what is meant by and distinguishing the differences between the terms conformity and obedience. It will show the evaluation of two key psychological studies which seek to explain why people do and do not conformRead MoreObedience and Conformity Essay508 Words   |  3 PagesObedience and Conformity Both obedience and conformity involve social pressure in obedience the pressure comes from behaving as you are instructed to do; whereas in conformity the pressure comes from group norms Behaviour in obedience is determined by social power, whereas in conformity it is influenced mostly by the need for acceptance. In nearly all societies, certain peopleRead MoreThe Phenomena of Conformity, Obedience, and Deviance2505 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Effects of Social Influence on Ones Self This essay defines the phenomenon of Conformity, Obedience and Deviance in the light of historic research and contemporary experiments. Concluding to the fact that deviance is a valuable Human attribute that makes our life what it is today. Introduction: Man is a social animal and among his other social needs, is to be socially recognized and acclaimed by his fellow society members. This desire is so overwhelming that one might go to any extent toRead MoreEssay about On Conformity and Obedience1176 Words   |  5 PagesConformity and Obedience People have been changing their behavior or obeying someone else’s commands for years. This continues today in our everyday lives. Conformity and obedience seem similar but differ in several ways. Conformity is defined by psychologists as a change in behavior or belief to accord with others. Similar to this, is obedience. Obedience is defined acting in accordance with a direct order or command. Normally people conform to reap a reward or to avoid punishment. If we complyRead MoreConformity And Obedience Are Both Social Behaviors1935 Words   |  8 PagesConformity and obedience are both social behaviors that are influenced by those around us and determines our behavior in social situations. When we change our attitude or behavior based on those around us, we are conforming to their behavior. When we obey what we are told, by what we perceive to be an authority figure, we are being obedient. Conformity and obedience can have positive or negative results on our lives, dependin g on the situation and the individuals involved. Symbolic interactions areRead MoreAdaptive Social Behaviors, Conformity, Compliance And Obedience1369 Words   |  6 PagesAdaptive Social Behaviours Conformity, compliance and obedience are a set of adaptive social behaviours that one makes use of to get by in daily social activities. They are all some form of social influence, which causes a change in a particular person or group’s behaviour, attitude and/or feelings (Cialdini, 2000, 2006). Various forms of social influence have been used for a variety of reasons; sometimes to help individuals stray from harmful behaviour such as smoking; other times [not as altruisticRead MoreMajor Categories Of Social Influence : Conformity, Compliance, And Obedience2039 Words   |  9 PagesKatrina Venta PSY 226 Community College of Aurora March 11, 2016 Abstract There are three major categories of social influence: conformity, compliance, and obedience. Conformity is the change of behavior to be able to fit in and gain approval from other people. Compliance, on the other hand, is when a person changes their behavior in response to being asked directly. While obedience is a response to an authority figure directing an individual (Kenrick, Neuberg, Cialdini, 2010, p. 183). These social influencesRead MoreAsch s Conformity Experiment And Milgram s Obedience Experiment Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiments; Asch s conformity experiment and Milgram s obedience experiment. The two experiments will be compared for validity and their ethics. In addition, this report will take into consideration Zimbardo s Stanford Prison experiment and the Lucifer Effect. To analyse how obedience and conformity theories can be used as an example of why good people can turn bad. This report will also look at how obedience and conformity can be applied to the c riminal justice system. Conformity Solomon Asch s

Softball Paper Free Essays

The History of Softball PHEC 202 Table of Contents 1. History of Softball 2. How to play Softball 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Softball Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Equipment needed to play a game. 4. Diagram of a Softball field 5. Bibliography Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Softball is one of America’s favorite pastimes. Softball is now a very popular game that originated in Chicago, but it didn’t become popular over night. The game is said the be invented by a man named George Hancock, by him creating this game it has now become of the most played games in America. In this essay I will discuss the history of softball, the basic rules, and the necessary equipment needed to play the game. Softball was started on Thanksgiving Day in 1887. It all began when a group of men gathered in a gym to hear the score of football game, after the score was announced and all bets were settled one of the men threw an old boxing glove at another man who hit it with a pole. George Hancock, said to be the inventor of the game took the boxing glove and tied it so it would look like a ball, took chalk and drew a diamond on the floor, broke a broom handle to use it as a bat and began to play the first game of baseball. This was also the beginning of softball. Hancock’s game was a smaller version of baseball and was played indoors. Within a week’s time Hancock created an oversized ball and a bat with a rubber tip that he used to play the game. He also returned to the gym to make permanent foul lines on the floor. He then wrote the rules and named the game Indoor Baseball. This new sport quickly became a hit and became international. In the same year, 1897, the Indoor Baseball guide was published, explaining the rules of the game and how to play. Ten years later the game was moved outdoors. It was then known as indoor-out door. This game also caught on very quickly and a set of rules was published for this version of the game in 1889. Although Chicago is the birthplace of this game through the years it took on some modification in Minneapolis around 1895. It is said that a Fire Department officer by the name of Lewis Rober Sr. used his versions of the game to keep is men in shape and occupied. It is also said that he had no prior knowledge of Hancock’s version of the game. Rober’s version of the game was played in a vacant lot next to the fire house. In 1896 Rober was moved to a new unit and in charge of coaching another team. This team called themselves the kitten and in honor of their name the game was called Kitten League Ball in 1900. The name was later shortened to Kitten Ball. In 1895 the women’s softball team was formed in Chicago at West Division High School. Although the team was started they did not start competing until1899. As the game grew more popular more people began to pay more attention the women’s game and in 1904 the Spalding Baseball Guide was published. This publication of the rules dedicated a substantial amount of the book to the women’s game of softball. In 1933 there was the Chicago National Tournament. This was the first tournament where both male and female champions were honored in the same way. This tournament help lead to the International World Championships in 1965, by allowing women to compete in such tournaments this helped this sport to become international and helped it move on to the Pan-American Games and the Olympics. Softball at this time was now a professional league and contracts ranged from $1,000 to $3,000 dollars per year. In 1980 due to financial hardship the league was broken up. Although the league was broken up softball is still a popular game today. There is now an Amateur Softball that registers more than 260,000 fastpitch softball teams and slowpitch is gradually growing. Although compared to baseball, softball is simple to play and is also played on a smaller scale. There a 9 players on a softball team. The playing field it is divided into the infield and the outfield. The infield is the portion of the field which is connected by the bases. Each base is set between 55 and 65 feet apart. When the bases are joined they take on the shape of a diamond and the infield is considered the portion inside the baseline. Outside the baseline but inside the playing field is the outfield. While in a game if the ball goes outside the 1st or 3rd base it is considered a foul ball. If this occurs the runner cannot go to the next base and the batter gets another chance, however if the ball is caught in the air outside the line the batter is then consider out. An official softball game has 7 innings. An inning is when both teams has a had a chance to bat. This is how a game of softball is played. What makes softball different from baseball is the pitch. In softball the ball must be thrown underhand. In order to pitch the pitcher must have both feet on the pitchers rubber and both hands must be on the ball at the start of the pitch. When the pitcher throws the ball it’s going to batter. When batting, the team must have the same order of batters throughout the entire game. The batter will stand in the batter’s box which is the box marked with chalk near home plate that a batter must stay within while batting. The batter is onsidered out when and if three strikes are called, a fly ball is caught, or if the batter does not stand in the batter’s box. A strike occurs when a ball is swung at and missed or is called when the ball enters the strike zone and is not swung at all. The strike zone is the area between the batter knee’s and armpits. A fly ball is a ball that is hit in to the air in the infield. If any of these things occur the batter is then out. If that batter hits the ball the next step is running. When running the runner must touch each base. Runners can only over run one base and can be tagged out if they are not on the base. While on base the runner can only run when the ball leaves the pitchers hand. If the runner is on base when a fly ball is hit and caught the runner must remain at their original base and cannot move on to the next base. While running all batters that have made to a base must stay in that order when returning to home plate. Stealing bases are not allowed in softball. A runner is considered out if they are tagged out before reaching a base, if the ball gets to 1st base before the runner, or if the runner runs more than three feet out of the baseline to avoid being tagged out. These are the rules that runners must follow. In order to play this game the following equipment is needed: a bat, when standing next to bat that you are going to use the bat should come to your wrist and it should be light enough for you to swing comfortably. Also while batting a batter may use a batting helmet to protect their head while up to bat. Next is the ball, softballs range from 11 which are used by children ages 10 and under, to 12 inches which are used by everyone ages 12 and above. After the ball is the glove. The only positions that have a specific glove designed especially for their position is the first base men and the catcher, all other use the same type of glove depending on which hand you catch with. If you use you right hand the most you would put the glove on your left have so you would be able to throw with your right hand and vice versa for the left hand. In this essay I have explained the history of softball, how to play the game and the necessary equipment need in order to play the game. Although the were some hang ups that could have stopped the growth of softball its popularity continued to grow. Softball is still a popular game with millions of people who still play it today. [pic] Bibliography Amateur Softball Association of America (ASA). (2012). Amateur Softball Association of America (ASA). Retrieved October 7, 2012, from http://www. asasoftball. com/about/asa_history. asp History of Softball. (2000). History of Softball. Retrieved October 7, 2012, from http://www. softballperformance. com/softball-history/ Lynch, W. (2011, May 26). Rules on How to Play Softball. LIVESTRONG. COM. Retrieved October 7, 2012, from http://www. livestrong. com/article/426838-rules-on-how-to-play-softball/ How to cite Softball Paper, Essay examples

Legal Aspects of International Business and Enterprise System

Question: Discuss about the Legal Aspects of International Business and Enterprise System. Answer: Introduction: A multinational company operational in Australia and a brief depiction of the company inclusive of the industry the company works in, number of employees in Australia, number of employees worldwide, and Location of headquarters of the global Centre Rio Tinto is a world top mining and metals group that aims at locating, mining, making and marketing the world's mineral resources. Rio Tinto has been in operation for more than one hundred and forty years and stays centered on the long term. Rio Tinto's approach is driven by a vivid policy, with the aim of delivering high-ranking value for their stakeholders through the rotation. Their strategy plays to their skills, employees who are talented, a great balance sheet and work excellence. Their main products are aluminum, diamonds gold and industrial mineral, etc. They change minerals and metals to finished products that result to advanced living criterions. Their products expose them to markets all over the globe, and across the economic growth spectrum, from iron ore which constructs the vital organization of our very own cities to the borates and copper in the phones that connect us (CULLEN, 2014). Rio Tinto's approach is supported by their values of honesty, security, teamwork, excellence and honor. In combination with the power given by their people and property, their values assist to make the foundations of their long-term prosperity. They have a workforce of around 50,000 in about 35 nations. Rio Tinto seeks to promote a culture where people maintain security, and that of their colleagues, contractors and the community at the peak of their minds; whereby all people know how to make and preserve value for the business; where variety and revolution get embraced; and whereby values are controlled by everything they do. Their headquarters is in the UK, and the Group is made up of a New York Stock Exchange which is a listed corporation Rio Tinto plc and a Limited company Rio Tinto also listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. The Rio Tinto is well constituted in North America and Australia, and has important trades in Asia, Europe South America and Africa. This universal existence and their proficiency in expertise and promotion make them distribute the correct creation, at the real superiority, at the exact time. Rio Tinto's trades incorporate unsecured and subversive mines, power stations, etc. incorporating a vital hydropower assortment and some analysis and service provisions. They also have and run infrastructure that delivers products to their clients, which have railways, ports and ships. A regulatory framework/s are affecting Rio Tinto group operating in Australia and why and how it affects the company. Control of CSR in Australia has been hugely through soft law creativities. This section of the review sees shortly at the needs of the legislative which require institution directors to accept the stakeholder's interests than shareholders. Then it recognizes the major light touch control initiatives at the global and national level. Between the different control measures and institutions in Australia, there is a huge deal of overlap and might take part in multiple optional social and environmental creativities. The Corporations Act 2001 is the core section of regulations ruling directors' roles. There exist two particular elements that broadly known in the act as increasing company reporting in a way that associates to CSR. Part 1013D of the Act inflicts responsibilities on superannuation, life insurance and controlled funds to show the level which they take consideration of environmental, communal, labor and moral standards in their investment settlement. In section 299 the institut ion is required to incorporate in their annual reports particulars of environmental laws and permits. Although, debate encircles the level to which Australian organization directors can consider the attentiveness of stakeholders other than instant shareholders. Extra responsibilities on organizations are imposed by the legislation other than the Corporations Act and their directors in association with workers and environment. For instance, institutions must pay their employees a minimum of at least pay 27, and they must conform to professional health and safety, anti-bias and same chance requirements. Institutions should also adjust to a broad range of environmental needs Light touch control creative in Australia Government creative one of the most famous CSR creative at the federal standard is the prime minister's business community association. The organization was built in 1988 and is a group of known Australians from the community and trade parts which are allocated the duties of promoting community business associations, behaving as a think tank on charitable matters, and advocating corporate allowing and CSR. This is done through three streams of interest's promotion of the business occurrence for CSR and for associations between business and community, acceleration through providing information, and identification of prosperous CSR through a prize program (Hitt, 2017). The Prime Minister's production of corporate citizenship is very limited. A more creativity at the federal standard is the Prime Minister's awards for quality in the Community Business associations, which are separated into small, medium and huge business classifications that are given at the state and area standard and the federal level. Normative rules and directions in 2003, the Australian Stock Exchange liberated the ASX rules on business Governance and leading exercise recommendations, that are deliberated to control publicly listed institutions in their business management practices. While the rules are voluntary organizations are needed to describe to the ASX and investors if and why they chose not to follow recommendations. Three of the guidelines are important to CSR. They are to advocate proper and accountable resolution making; find and manage danger and find the legit interests of stakeholders. There are also creative relevant to specific industries. In 2004, the Minerals Council of Australia built a framework relating to growth. Signing up to the framework is a requirement to MCA association. Signatories are needed to evaluate systems used to lead extreme running dangers and publicly announce sustainability news from the GRI indicators. The global regulatory framework there is a lot of international codes, conventions, agreements, levels and creative that seek to affect how institutions give feedback to CSR. The most famous of these are OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, OECD concepts for business governance, ILO statement of essential principles and Rights on duty, ILO Tripartite Declaration of principles regarding multinational undertaking and public policy, UN international dense 2000, Amnesty Internationals' Business Principles, Universal Sullivan Principles. Management methods and certification project the primary instruments giving the guide for institutions in building managing systems are Universal Organization for Standardization ISO 14000, Social Accountability 8000, Accountability 1000, Sigma Guidelines. Rating index some creative rate organisations referring to CSR production. These have, for instance, the Dow Jones Sustainability indices and the FTSE4 good Index series. Announcing guidelines the Global Reporting Initiative Sustainability advertising guidelines 2002 is a broadly acceded to optionally advertising standard for sustainability reporting. The GRI is an individualistic company which incorporates representatives from corporate, accountancy, speculation, environment, human rights and labor companies from all over the globe. There is a rang e of levels that are about the GRI in that they deal with individualistic proof of reports by the GRI. There incorporate AA1000 Assurance level and global levels on Insurance Engagements ISAE 3000. Consequently, it is seen as there is very less obligatory CSR or mandatory announcement of CSR activities in Australia. The Parliamentary Joint Committee finished that change to directors' roles was not needed and there should be the continuance of the free approach to sustainability announcement. It advocates that while in the committee's view it is not suitable to instruct the consideration of stakeholder attentiveness into director's roles, there is the requirement to consider choices earnestly to encourage bigger uptake and revelation of corporate responsibility interests. Treaties, conventions or agreements have impacted on the products or services that multinational company provides in Australia. A treaty is a consensus between countries or states which are unbreakable at global law. In some cases, global businesses can be parties to agreements. A settlement between an Australian State of Territory and an overseas Government will not, consequently, be a deal. Even if a document it concurs between two or more sovereign nations, it will not be an agreement only if those countries' intentions are that the document is binding at global law. An agreement might also be called a treaty, convention, protocol, or exchange of letters. A treaty can be between two countries like Australia and another country. A flight consensus between Australia and the United States is one instance. Multilateral agreements are the ones that are between three or more nations: For example the United Nations Charter. Multilateral treaties are usually built under the auspices of global intergovernmental companies like the United Nations or the global labor organization, but multilateral territorial treaties like the Convention for the security of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region are of development significance for Australia (De, 2017). Australia has been energetic in arranging multilateral and bilateral treaties. In the year 1994 31st December Australia entered into 2289 agreements of which 1303 were bilateral and 986 were multilateral. The Treaties occupy a broad range of topics. Only a less deal with a lawsuit process private international law. Nevertheless, there are many agreements deal with cross-border commerce, typically on an industry or trade control basis. For instance, there are some treaties on agriculture, commodities fisheries, etc. psychological property, maritime matters, telecommunications and tax, etc. There are also a huge number of trade agreements. These are usually bilateral apart from the treaties about GATT or the World Trade Organization (WTO) which are multilateral (Green, 2008). With honor to lawsuit process, Australia has accessed or acceded to some of the bilateral agreements on service of procedures and a mutual identification of judgments. At the multilateral standard, Australia has a lso obtained the Hague proof agreement but has not yet accessed the Hague Service Conventions. Impact of treaties on Australian industry and business The Australian frugality profoundly depends on global skill. As the respite of globe precedes advancing setting up global interchange treaties, we cant anticipate keeping our proportion of development by action alone. We have to ensure a firm grip on growths in the global coordination to make Australian corporate and production to take part wholly in the globalization of the global budget. The 1994 Contract building the global craft organization, to which we are the revelry, is critical in this honor. Central treaties arranged under the World Trade Organization treaty are reviewed Universal Agreement on Trade and Tariffs; the universal treaty on trade in the services; and agreement on Trade associated features of psychological property rights. Joint, these deals will end up in estimated expansion in Australian Exports of $A5 billion and Australian GDP of A4.4 billion by the year two thousand and two. These are first multilateral trade treaties yet territorial, and bilateral trade agr eements also make part of our non-segregated approach to global commerce (Stevens, 2013). These treaties also motivate global investment in Australia (Price, 2007). We also have bilateral investment protection agreements with ten nations whose actions are single building mechanisms for investors and secure the attentiveness of Australian investors abroad. Fair entrance to the universal's natural resources is ruled more than ever by global agreements. The United Nations Law of the Sea agreement, for instance, in the dialogue of which Australia played a crucial position, builds internationally accepted government for entry to the resources of the sea and the seabed with 200 maritime sole economic zones. And the list continues civil aviation treaties, telecommunications agreements, postal conventions customs conventions and the same all run to assist and facilitate global trade and commerce. The advantages are immense, to Australia definitely, yet also to the region and the globe. References HARVEY, C. E. (1981). The Rio Tinto Company: an economic history of a leading international mining concern 1873 - 1954. Penzance, Cornwall, Hodge. PRICE, A. (2007). Human resource management in a business context. London, Thomson. VELTMAN, L. (2000). Living working in Australia: everything you need to know for building a new life. Oxford, How to Books. (1986). Australian journal of mining: AJM. Richmond North, Australia, General Magazine Co. DE JONGE, A. (2017). Research handbook on transnational corporations. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truescope=sitedb=nlebkdb=nlabkAN=1463248. HITT, I, H, (2017). Strategic management: Competitiveness globalization : Concepts. Boston, MA, Cengage Learning. ECONOMIST INTELLIGENCE UNIT (NEW YORK, N.Y.). (2000). Country commerce. New York, N.Y., EIU. LEVITT, (1983). The globalization of markets. Boston, Mass, Harvard Business Review. TEMPLAR, R. (2005). The rules of management: a definitive code for managerial success. London, Prentice Hall Business. GARVEY, N, (2004). Corporate accountability to the poor?: assessing the effectiveness of community-based strategies. Brighton, University of Sussex. Institute of development studies (IDS). MABABAYA, M. (2002). The role of multinational companies in the Middle East: the case of Saudia Arabia. GREEN, D. (2008). From poverty to power: how active citizens and effective states can change the world. Oxford, Oxfam Internationa STEVENS, K, L, L, (2013). Conflict and coexistence in the extractive industries. https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Energy,%20Environment% NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA, COMMONWEALTH NATIONAL LIBRARY (AUSTRALIA). (1945). APAIS, Australian public affairs information service; a subject index to current literature. Canberra, National Library of Australia. ZELLER, B. (1999). International commercial law for business. Leichhardt, N.S.W., Federation Press. CULLEN, P, (2014). Multinational management: a strategic approach. Mason, OH, South-Western Cengage Learning

Great Gatsby And Money Value Essays - The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby

Great Gatsby And Money Value "Our great cities and our mighty buildings will avail us not if we lack spiritual strength to subdue mere objects to the higher purposes of humanity" (Harnsberger 14), is what Lyndon B. Johnson had to say about materialism. He knew the value of money, and he realized the power and effect of money. Money can have many effects, however money cannot buy happiness. Many people disbelieve this fact, and many continue to try and actually buy articles that make them happy. In F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, Fizgerald keenly shows us how Jay Gatsby is one of these people. Gatsby believes that if he has money, he can do attain great goals. Gatsby is a sensible man, yet he has many false conceptions. Jay Gatsby believes that money can recreate the past, can buy him happiness, and can be helpful in achieving a level of prestige in the prominent East Egg. Jay Gatsby believes he can buy happiness; and this is exhibited through his house, his clothes, and through Daisy. He owns a large portion of finances due to some mysterious source of wealth, and he uses this mystery source to buy his house, his clothes, and Daisy. Gatsby's house, as Fitzgerald describes it, is "a factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool and more than forty acres of lawn and garden" (Fitzgerald 9). This house, as Fitzgerald fabulously enlightens to, is an immaculate symbol of Gatsby's incalculable income. "The house he feels he needs in order to win happiness" (Bewley 24), is an elegant mansion; that of which an excellent symbol of carelessness is displayed and is part of Gatsby's own persona. Every Monday after a party, this house is kept by eight servants. It has its own entrance gate, and is big enough to hold hundreds of people at a time. His careless use for money to impress others is portrayed through his clothes; a gold metallic hat, silver vests and gold jackets. The shirts and clothes that are ordered every spring and fall show his simpleness in expressing his wealth to his beloved Daisy. His "beautiful shirts . . . It makes me sad because I've never seen such beautiful shirts before" (Fitzgerald 98). It seems silly to cry over simple shirts, but "It is not the shirts themselves that overwhelm her but what they symbolize . . ." (Cowley 43). These shirts represent the simple awesome manner of Gatsby's wealth and his ability to try and purchase Daisy's love, this time through the use of extensive clothing. Fitzgerald wisely shows how Gatsby uses his riches to buy Daisy. In the story, we know that "They were careless people, Tom and Daisy--they smashed up things . . . and then returned back into their money" (Fitzgerald). By this, we know that Daisy's main (and maybe only) concern is money. Gatsby realizes this, and is powered by this. He is driven to extensive and sometimes illegal actions. He feels he must be rich and careless for his five year love, and when expressing Gatsby's readiness to spend any amount of money for his hopeful wife, a poem must be stated. "Then wear the gold hat, if that move her; If you can bounce high, bounce for her too, Till she cry "Lover, gold hatted, high-bouncing lover, I must have you!" ( ). This poem is a perfect description of how Gatsby tries to buy Daisy, and her love. All these enlighten us to Gatsby's personality, therefore we know Gatsby is willing to use an unlimited source of income to actually buy trifles to prove his worth to Daisy. He will buy a house that takes, even him, three years to pay for and purchases clothes every Spring and Fall. He does all he can in order to buy, what he feels is his only happiness, the woman he has watched for five years, the woman who's only concern is money, the infamous, Daisy. Gatsby's obsession is with the buying power of money, however, this obsession does not limit itself merely to possessions, but also to physical attributes. Jay Gatsby attempts to recapture his past with money. He also implies he has a past at Oxford, he entices Daisy with wealth, and sometimes spins absolute obvious lies. In his past at Oxford, the author uses a prestigious, ivy league school that Gatsby visited in order to imply that

Definition and Examples of Antithesis in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Antithesis in Rhetoric Antithesis is a  rhetorical term for the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases or clauses. Plural: antitheses. Adjective: antithetical. In grammatical terms, antithetical statements are parallel structures.   A perfectly formed antithesis, says Jeanne Fahnestock, combines isocolon, parison, and perhaps, in an inflected language, even homoeoteleuton; it is an overdetermined figure. The aural patterning of the antithesis, its tightness and predictability, are critical to appreciating how the syntax of the figure can be used to force semantic opposites (Rhetorical Figures in Science, 1999). Etymology From the Greek, opposition Examples and Observations Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing.(Goethe)Everybody doesnt like something, but nobody doesnt like Sara Lee.(advertising slogan)There are so many things that we wish we had done yesterday, so few that we feel like doing today.(Mignon McLaughlin, The Complete Neurotics Notebook. Castle Books, 1981)We notice things that dont work. We dont notice things that do. We notice computers, we dont notice pennies. We notice e-book readers, we dont notice books.(Douglas Adams, The Salmon of Doubt: Hitchhiking the Galaxy One Last Time. Macmillan, 2002)Hillary has soldiered on, damned if she does, damned if she doesnt, like most powerful women, expected to be tough as nails and warm as toast at the same time.(Anna Quindlen, Say Goodbye to the Virago. Newsweek, June 16, 2003)It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.(Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, 1859) Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual. You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours.(President Barack Obama, election night victory speech, November 7, 2012)Youre easy on the eyesHard on the heart.(Terri Clark)We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools.(Martin Luther King, Jr., speech at St. Louis, 1964)The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.(Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address, 1863)All the joy the world containsHas come through wishing happiness for others.All the misery the world containsHas come through wanting pleasure for oneself.(Shantideva)The more acute the experience, the less articulate its expression.(Harold Pinter, Writing for the Theatre, 1962)And let my liver rather heat with wineThan my heart cool with mortifying groans.(Gratiano in The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare)Jack Londons CredoI would rather be ashes than dust! I would rather that my s park should burn out in a brilliant blaze than it should be stifled by dryrot. I would rather be a superb meteor, every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet. The proper function of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them. I shall use my time.(Jack London, quoted by his literary executor, Irving Shepard, in an introduction to a 1956 collection of Londons stories) Antithesis and AntithetonAntithesis is the grammatical form of antitheton. Antitheton deals with contrasting thoughts or proofs in an argument; Antithesis deals with contrasting words or ideas within a phrase, sentence, or paragraph.(Gregory T. Howard, Dictionary of Rhetorical Terms. Xlibris, 2010)Antithesis and AntonymsAntithesis as a figure of speech exploits the existence of many natural opposites in the vocabularies of all languages. Small children filling in workbooks and adolescents studying for the antonyms section of the SAT learn to match words to their opposites and so absorb much vocabulary as pairs of opposed terms, connecting up to down and bitter to sweet, pusillanimous to courageous and ephemeral to everlasting. Calling these antonyms natural simply means that pairs of words can have wide currency as opposites among users of a language outside any particular context of use. Word association tests give ample evidence of the consistent linking of opposites in verbal memo ry when subjects given one of a pair of antonyms most often respond with the other, hot triggering cold or long retrieving short (Miller 1991, 196). An antithesis as a figure of speech at the sentence level builds on these powerful natural pairs, the use of one in the first half of the figure creating the expectation of its verbal partner in the second half.(Jeanne Fahnestock, Rhetorical Figures in Science. Oxford University Press, 1999) Antithesis in Films- Since . . . the quality of a scene or image is more vividly shown when set beside its opposite, it is not surprising to find antithesis in film . . .. There is a cut in Barry Lyndon (Stanley Kubrick) from the yellow flickers of a flaming house to a still gray courtyard, lined with soldiers, and another from the yellow candles and warm browns of a gambling room to the cool grays of a terrace by moonlight and the Countess of Lyndon in white.(N. Roy Clifton, The Figure in Film. Associated University Presses, 1983)It is clear that in every simile there is present both differences and likenesses, and both are a part of its effect. By ignoring differences, we find a simile and may perhaps find an antithesis in the same event, by ignoring likeness. . . .- In The Lady Eve (Preston Sturges), a passenger boards a liner by tender. This was conveyed by the two vessels whistling. We see a convulsive spurt of water and hear a desperate, soundless puff before the siren of the t ender found its voice. There was a stuttering amazement, a drunken incoordination to these elaborate preliminaries, foiled by the liners lofty unruffled burst of sounding steam. Here things that are like, in place, in sound, and in function, are unexpectedly contrasted. The commentary lies in the differences and gains force from the likeness.(N. Roy Clifton, The Figure in Film. Associated University Presses, 1983) Antithetical Observations of Oscar Wilde- â€Å"When we are happy, we are always good, but when we are good, we are not always happy.†(The Picture of Dorian Gray, 1891)- â€Å"We teach people how to remember, we never teach them how to grow.†(The Critic as Artist, 1991)- â€Å"Wherever there is a man who exercises authority, there is a man who resists authority.†(The Soul of Man Under Socialism, 1891)- â€Å"Society often forgives the criminal; it never forgives the dreamer.†(The Critic as Artist, 1991) Pronunciation: an-TITH-uh-sis

The behaviour of organisations and the market environment Essay

The behaviour of organisations and the market environment - Essay Example Sony being one of the leaders in the music, movies, gaming and electronic industry is competing with many players in the electronic market. Several players like Samsung, hp, LG are already in a steady position in the market with around same market share. The industry of electronics grew at a very fast pace over the year and with the emergence of many new companies from South Korea like Samsung and LG many existing players of the market like Sony are suffering to maintain their market share. Samsung maintained a huge profit of $3 billion profit while Sony suffered in earning during the same period (LedTV, 2011). To maintain the market share the company need to develop a strong base to compete with the global market (Market Research News, 2011). Though these players are entering into the market but threats from new entrants are relatively low in electronics industry as compared to other industry. The capital requirement for the entry is huge for the new players which is not possible fo r many to enter the market. The switching cost of the new entrants is also high in electronic industry. For new players it’s difficult for them to know the new technologies and invest in research and development process. The diversified product line from the existing players like Sony is a great advantage for them. Economies of scale are another issue which keeps the competition low from the new players. Define the meaning of perfect competition. To what extent does your chosen industry’s structure fit with your definition? In a perfect competition scenario all the players of the market are approximately equally sharing the market share. None of the companies in the market are large enough to set the price for the industry. Most of the firms in the same industry produce same kind of products and follow the expected price for the product which other players are using. In a perfect competition market no single company leads the race for the industry. Everyone in the mark et possesses same kind of small market share. The customers in a perfect competition market are aware of the products from all the players and they have an expected price of the different products from the companies the new entrants can enter with ease in this market situation and they also don’

LEADERSHIP ASSESSMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LEADERSHIP ASSESSMENT - Essay Example The company’s CEO did not appear to be excessively ambitious; and never used harsh words when addressing employees. He believed in demonstrating the attributes he expected to see in his employees. Organizational Structure and Culture and Team Development in the Company The organization in which I worked was more oriented toward individual tasks than group activities. It was based on a hierarchical model where orders came from above and were sometimes vague because the workers had limited guidance on how to implement them. The hierarchical model sometimes caused other problems when the company’s executives gave orders that had adverse implications in the lower ranks of the organization. When such impractical orders were given to groups of workers that had been formed by executives, the workers always had different concepts about what the leaders meant to be done or how to implement their ideas. Some workers were irritated by the fact that they were not allowed to choose their own team partners. Usually, the only workers who were happy to be ordered into specific teams were the partially skilled workers who escaped total responsibility for projects when they shared them with other workers. Workers can be commanded to form teams; but cannot be forced to work harmoniously. This is why it is important to allow workers to form their own teams when necessary. Even though the skilled workers in the company distrusted the claims of the managers about their dedication to teamwork, the semi-skilled workers believed the CEO’s rhetoric. Faced with sporadic accusations from their skilled workers of being too autocratic, the company’s managers sometimes went to the extreme by giving no instructions about projects. This caused further confusion among the workers and left the responsibility of realizing successful team projects to the skilled workers. Communication and Motivational Skills of the Leader Using autocratic leadership might have been more practical for the organization’s leaders because the company had many workers and participatory leadership would cost too much in terms of time and amenities (Schein, 2010). The size of the company also made considering the views of all employees before making decisions on even the simplest tasks counterproductive. The CEO of the company was quite dedicated to ensuring that the company achieved its objectives. As a person he was compassionate, dedicated, courageous and extremely self disciplined. He might have imagined that all workers knew they could develop his work ethic if they pushed themselves to achieve their best, and were striving to do so. Moreover, he was aware that it was important to keep demonstrating what he wanted to see in his employees. The CEO had fought his way from a subordinate position of the company to his present position. Even though he told of this story with pride in the few general meetings that were held during the year, I believe that he was qu ite hardened by his journey to the top most position over two decades. Even though the CEO constantly spoke of the importance of cooperation among workers and the management, this principle was hardly ever realized. CEOs can fall into patterns of merely talking of the importance of certain principles without following their words with any action (Kouzes and Posner, 2008). Three Practices that Leaders Use to

Managing Operations and Processes Through Servitisation Essay

Managing Operations and Processes Through Servitisation - Essay Example As manufacturing companies head towards the delivery of service propositions, employees; existing and potential, are increasingly expected to comprehend the components of services that are controllable for the purpose of increasing efficiency (Vandermerwe et al., 1988). Manufacturers are adopting the concept of servitisation whereby they deliver services in line with their original product. Besides the provision of value added to clientele, they are able to secure orders and boost their profitability. They are also putting themselves in a better position to possess the ability to produce at extremely high standards as well as respond and maximize on all service propositions that arise from the usage of their products.Studies reveal that more than sixty per cent of large manufacturing corporations all around the world are servitised. There are five steps to take when servitising a company. The first involves considering the possible service value proposalsaround the particular product. The aim here is not ownership of one’s product but rather the achievement of an alternative objective. Secondly, it is important to assess whether it is possible to achieve the set goal without having to sell the product. Thirdly, consider whether or not it is feasible to deliver the services through the use of internal resources and whether there would be need for external partnership or collaboration. Correspondingly, the company should assess its enthusiasm for and aptitude to cope with the implications of potential risks involved in the provision of the amenities. Last but not least, the firm must consider forming skills plus technology approaches that will convey the business infrastructure needed for the task (Vandermerwe et al., 1988). The process of servitisation necessitates supply chain and procurement professionals to adapt quite a large number of variables within their

Understanding Logistics Performance Measurement And Importance Commerce Essay

Understanding Logistics Performance Measurement And Importance Commerce Essay Probably the first attempt to define logistic performance was made by Chow et al. (1994), and they presented some measures for measuring logistics performance. Since then, most of the literature on logistics performance appears to focus on models and frameworks (Clarke and Gourdin, 1991; Mentzer and Konrad, 1991; Rao and Grenoble, 1991) and on managing different aspects of logistics (Larson, 1994). Logistics performance may be thought as a subset of the larger notion of firm or organizational performance. For Instance, Gleason and Barnum decided to distinguish between effectiveness and efficiency. They defined effectiveness as the extent to which an objective has been achieved, while efficiency was defined as the degree to which resources have been used economically [journal of logistics management. Simply put, efficiency is doing things right, while effectiveness is doing the right thing [journal of logistics management, 42, pp. 3, 4]. Sink and his colleagues defined seven dimensions in order to illustrate the notion of what performance means: they are effectiveness, efficiency, quality, productivity, quality of work life, innovation and profitability/budgetability [journal of logistics management 43, pp. 266-7]. Performance measurement in the logistics functions, like all the business functions, begins at the individual metric level. However, there is forceful need for a method with which to evaluate the existing metrics as there is great abundance of metrics already in existence Logistics performance Indicators: Complex process of logistics is divided into activities which carried out at high quality will not automatically turn a process into a high standard one but they offer chance. The logistics system has the following areas with quality concerns: Logistics facilities, Logistics process and sub processes Human services, organization, management. If we talk about the quality of logistics beyond the three areas mentioned above, then we have to involve the performance and productivity indicators . Quality of logistics facilities: These facilities include: Delivery Facilities warehousing facilities packaging facilities material handling facilities Quality indicators of logistics facilities: Load capacity and performance Modern design Suitability to jobs Maintenance background Man-facilities relation (environment protection) Good-facilities relation (specialties of goods, unit load, packaging, etc.) Ways-vehicles relation Performance-price relation Relation of expected life and price of facilities Specific energy and lubricant costs Specific performance costs Specific maintenance costs Reliability Featurelessness (failure rate,) Longevity (general overhaul cycle, life span) Restorability (av. Restoring time, total break-down time) Storability, transportability Quality indicators of Transport ways Capacity, length, network, way leading (curves, slope etc.) Easy to survey, surface, illumination speed, sensibility to weather, comfort Information, signs Safety, help (telephone, helicopter etc.) Quality indicators of logistics process(es) Optimum combination of jobs (tasks) and facilities Optimum packaging and load unit Optimum logistics chain Optimum route and time Minimum transfer of goods Minimum warehousing time and event Organizing and managing logistics activities in environment-friendly way Capacity supply/capacity demand Appear time/ordered time Damage events/total activities (packaging also) Missing volume/total volume (packaging also) Error delivery/total delivery commitments Physical processing time Performed commitments/ demanded commitments Number of customers/year Logistics performance measures can be categorized into two categories such as qualitative and quantitative measures. Qualitative measures include such as customer satisfaction and product quality etc., and quantitative measures include such as order-to-delivery lead time, supply chain response time, flexibility, resource utilization, delivery performance, etc. Quantitative metrics of supply chain performance can be classified into two broad categories: Non-financial and financial. In fact, in the late 1880s the main emphasis was on financial measures such as return on investment (Christopher, 1992; Schermerhorn et al.,, 2000). However as the second progressed during 1980s, the world market changed and companies began to lose market share to overseas competitors who were able to provide higher-quality products with lower costs and more diversity. To re- capture the competitive edge, companies not only directed their strategic focus from low-cost production to quality, flexibility and short lead time, as non-financial measures (Bower Hout, 1988; Rushton Oxley, 1989; Stewart, 1995). . One of the studies conducted on performance measurement clearly suggests that each entity or company on the supply chain needs to adopt a more balanced perspective in its performance measurement and management approach. It is also suggested companies can measure more adequately non-financial indicators in addition to the financial ones (BSC). Companies need to recognize more the importance of drivers of strategic future performance as represented by the indicators within the internal process perspective and the learning and growth perspective. As it is, it would appear that though these non-financial drivers of growth indicators are recognized as important, they are often overshadowed by the financial indicators. Moreover, managing a given supply chains overall performance necessitates the coordination of measures across the different entities on the supply chain. In nutshell, requires all entities on the supply chain to adopt a common balanced perspective in their performance measurement and management in order to facilitate the overall performance and competitiveness of the entire Business logistics performance metrics could also be classified as Operational performance metrics Day to day technical representation adherence to developed schedule ( important to give time and location dimensions for quality assurance) Ability to avoid complaints(means minimizing the possible complaints) Achievement of defect free deliveries Inventory carrying cost(Levy (1997) Information carrying cost (Steward (1995) Tactical performance metrics Efficiency of purchase order (using economic order quantity and other approaches) Cycle time Booking in procedures Cash flow Quality assurance methodology Capacity flexibility Total transportation cost Strategic performance metrics Rate of return on Investment (is the ratio of money gained or lost (whether realized or unrealized) on an investment relative to the amount of money invested) Total cash flow time lead time against industry norm, Quality level Cost saving initiatives supplier pricing against market(Gunasekaran et al. (2004) Customer query time Importance of performance Measurement The importance of performance measurement cannot be denied as one of the manufacturing and management consultant said that you get what you inspect, not what you expect. (Melnyk et al. 2004) It has also been affirmed that organizations would gain competitive advantage, through logistics, when they seek and achieve excellence in the twin peaks of cost and service leadership (Christopher (1992, pp. 8-10). Similarly, another states that in operations strategy, organizations can compete not only on productivity, but also by giving perceived value through innovation and quality (Garvin (1992, pp. 126, 204, 321). Metrics are required to evaluate work done and to direct the activities, since what we measure indicates how we intend to deliver value to our customers Performance measurement can be defined as the process of quantifying the efficiency and effectiveness of action (Neely, Mills, Platts, Gregory, Richards, 1994). Pressures (severe competition, globalization, and rapidly changes in customer requirements) are significantly driving force to organizations in order to re-focusing on utilizing of people and resources based on organizational objectives. Organizations need to provide a performance measurement system to evaluate the resource utilization so that they can strategically manage and properly control to achieve their objectives and goals. it has been pointed out that performance measurement is vital part of controlling process in order to take action for ensuring desired results. (Schermerhorn and Chappell ,2000) Case Example: Many people are surprised how Wal-Mart is able to charge such low prices and continue to make a profit. There are several factors in their business model that contribute to this ability, but a big one is their ability to adapt to an ever-changing global marketplace and running an efficient supply chain system. Moreover, the giant retailer is implementing the most advanced technological solutions and measures to be efficient market player. This ability requires a flawless logistical system that allows product to be shipped anywhere at a moments notice. Wal-Marts commitment to improving operations, lowering costs and improving customer service is making it efficient and effective retailer. However, Wal-Marts success lies in its ability to drive costs out of its supply chain and manage it efficiently. Wal-Mart is considered to be a supply chain-driven company that also has retail stores. Running the whole business model on the low prices strategy and low cost transportation enables Wal-Mart to sell its products at the lowest possible prices. Wal-Mart operates each of its stores like a small company. Trained store managers manage one store at a time, one department at a time, and one customer at a time. Wal-Mart has implemented advanced logistics solutions like RFID (radio frequency identification). These solutions assist in maintaining lower costs, identifying out-of-stocks and increasing sales. Wal-Mart has successfully established Distribution centers (DC) instead of warehouses, cross-docking technology and automated replenishment also reduce inventory carrying costs. (Anonymous, 2007) Conclusion: The logistics challenge is that organizations have to be more responsive, with high levels of flexibility in delivery. The emphasis should be on processes and performance rather than on functions and profit. The competitive battleground will be in the fields of quality, productivity, speed and innovation. Progress towards performance excellence will be aided greatly by relevant and integrated measurement frameworks and models (Christopher (1994). It has been proclaimed that when you can measure what you are speaking about, and expresses it in numbers; you will know something about it (Lord Kelvin, 1996) Realizing the importance of performance measurement in logistics, many big market player are trying to be more efficient by investing huge resources in latest financial as well as non financial tools Moreover, logistics costs take 18-23% of total production costs (in a wider sense even 40%).For this reason production companies are going to make these activities more effective and efficient. Big companies have third partners (forwarders) make it. A forwarder can comprehend and optimize a longer interval of logistics chain. The share of distribution and production logistics is not right. The border is not sharp. In the case of quality the question is how and not where.

surgery on amputations :: essays research papers

Amputation is a surgery to remove a limb or part of a limb. Amputation can also happen as an accident, which is called a traumatic amputation. Who is a candidate for the procedure? Amputation is most often used for one of four conditions:  · gangrene, which is a severe limb infection with death of tissue  · lack of enough blood flow through the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the affected limb  · severe trauma or injury of a limb  · cancer or a tumor involving a limb Amputation has serious emotional and physical effects. For this reason, limb removal is usually advised only when other options are not possible or have little chance of success. How is the procedure performed? There are many different ways to perform an amputation. A single finger or toe may be removed, or an entire arm or leg. The surgeon will usually try to remove as little of the limb as needed to treat the condition. An amputation is done in an operating room. In many cases, general anesthesia is used to put the person completely to sleep with medications. Regional anesthesia may also be used. In this case, a person is awake but has no sensation of pain. The area of skin where the incision will be made is cleaned. The surgeon then cuts into and through the skin. In most cases, the surgeon will remove the limb or part of the limb at a point where there is a joint. For instance, the entire leg below the knee may be removed. The knee area is chosen partly because this is where the shinbone, or tibia, meets the thighbone, or femur. Removing the part or whole limb at a joint prevents the need to break one of the bones. After the part or whole limb is removed, the skin is closed with sutures. A bandage or dressing is then placed over it. What happens right after the procedure? The person is taken to a surgery recovery room while he or she wakes up from the surgery. Pain medication is given if needed. Antibiotics and other medications may also be given. When the person is awake and his or her vital signs are within normal limits, he or she is usually taken back to a bed in the surgical inpatient unit. In most cases, the person will need to stay in the hospital for at least 1 or 2 more days.

Crime Data Comparison

In the late 1920’s the idea was recognized by the International Association of Chiefs of Police or most commonly known as the (IACP), that there needed to be a more reliable and accurate way to keep track of all of the crime data and statistics. This information was needed to determine the crimes that were changing from year to year as well as the sources of what could be changing these statistics such as population changes, poverty changes, and so on and so forth. After a few years of deliberation over the record-keeping practices being used at the time, planning for a system called the Uniform Crime Report program (UCR) in which it came in to working effect in 1929. It was in 1930 a year later, in January that the United States Congress enacted a Code that gave the UCR the authority by the attorney general to gather information about crimes. The attorney general then delegated the responsibility to the Federal Bureau of Investigation to act as the bookkeepers for collecting all the crime data for the UCR. In 1930 the FBI became the first agency to start a resource to do just that. Since the beginning of the UCR program every year new data has been collected and published in order to crime statistics for each area across the United States. Information stored would include numbers of different crimes such as murders, arson, burglary, property crimes, rapes, larceny, etc. The UCR program started in January 1930 with data gathered from law enforcement agencies in 400 cities from 43 states submitting information and currently includes approximately 17,000 law enforcement agencies nationwide that voluntarily contribute their crime statistics. Murder or Homicide is an act that happens across the United States. There is not one state safe from it. According to the Uniform Crime Report program in 2011 California was the state with the highest amount of murders with a total of 1,790. The total amount of murders committed at the hands of a firearm is 1,220. Murders committed by knives or cutting instruments 261. One thing that may have an impact on the amount of murders as well as other crimes is the population in California. With an amazing total of 37. 3 million in 2011 with a 10% increase since 2000. With 43% of families in California considered to be low income, the poverty level is very high in California. As described by national statistics that show that most crime is committed in areas of poverty and low-income this could be a reason that the murder or homicide rate is so high in California. Each year with the increase of population the crime rates increase. Across the ocean in Hawaii with the lowest amount of murders/homicides with a low total of seven for the year of 2011. One at the hands of a firearm, two by stabbing or knifes, and three by hands, fists, feet or etc. nd the rest in other ways. With a lower population than California with a total of 1,360,301 with around 953,207 people (70%) living in the city and County of Honolulu for 2011. With a low-income or poverty population percentage of only 13. 7% of the population below the nationwide average income level. It shows that this could have some effect on the murder/homicide statistics being lower than that of California. Also another reason could be that the population of Hawaii is mostly contributed by tourism and most people in Hawaii are only here for travel. In 2011, about 7. million people from around the world visited Hawaii. Another reason that could factor in to the crime rate is 47,410 of the population in Hawaii is military personnel, or 3. 48%. In 2011, an estimated 14,612 persons were murdered in the United States. This was a 0. 7% decrease from the 2010 estimate, a 14. 7% decline from the 2007 figure, and a 10. 0% decrease from the 2002 estimate. There were 4. 7 murders per 100,000 inhabitants, a 1. 5% decrease from the 2010 rate. Compared with the 2007 rate, the murder rate declined 17. 4%, and compared with the 2002 rate, the murder rate decreased 16. %. Nearly 44% (43. 6) of murders were reported in the South, the most populous region, 21. 0% were reported in the West, 20. 6% were reported in the Midwest, and 14. 8% were reported in the Northeast (FBI Uniform Crime Report Statistics). There could be many reasons why the crime rate changes, it could be the area, the upbringing, income, population and also what resources that are available in the area to help youth and people with emotional problems. There are a number of factors that could help persuade a person from committing crime and murder. However one thing is certain as the population increases so does the crime. Although the Uniform Crime Report program definitely shows an improvement from how data and statistics previously were collected, there are still many criticisms about the data's accuracy. The UCR only reports crimes known to police. Due to a high number of crimes that are never reported and the victims that do not report their experiences to law enforcement agencies, the data reported is often inaccurate as for both the number of crimes committed and the number of offenders. Another reason that the UCR is flawed is due to the fact that only crimes considered serious crimes are reported. The data and all of the information that is reported to the UCR is only based on the hierarchy rule: For a crime incident in which multiple offenses were committed only the most serious offense is reported. Furthermore, the UCR reveals more about police behavior than it does about criminality. Some law enforcement agencies falsify the reports they submit to the FBI to lessen the case load for the police station and officers. In which the crimes are never solved. References: FBI Uniform Crime Report Statistics http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2011/crime-in-the-u.s.-2011/violent-crime/murder http://math2033.uark.edu/wiki/index.php/Uniform_Crime_Reports http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2011/crime-in-the-u.s.-2011/offenses-known-to-law-enforcement/offenses-known-to-law-enforcement http://www.californiality.com/2011/03/california-census-data.html http://www.to-hawaii.com/population.php

Phytoplankton essays

Phytoplankton essays Upon a short period of very extensive research, one can conclude many things about the phytoplankton content of the waters surrounding the continent of Antarctica.First of all, what is phytoplankton? Phytoplankton is defined as planktonic plants and other autotrophs which are the most important primary producers in many marine ecosystems. (p. 213 Castro-Huber) Many factors influence the growth of phytoplankton such as sunlight, water temperature, and water current. In my specific study of the pytoplankton present in Antarctic waters, I discovered a most unusual pattern of growth: only on three occasions from September 1997 to March 2000 was phytoplankton present in the waters of Antarctica. Of the three individual times that phytoplankton was present in the water, two of these occured in December 1998 and 1999, the other in September 1998. Every other month from September 1997 until March 2000, the waters contained a phytoplankton reading of 0 (zero). The only conclusion that can be made about the numerous occasions in which phytoplankton was absent from the waters is that massive sheets of ice cover the water around the continent of Antarctia making unacceptable conditions for the ...

The Crucible Essays (287 words) - Film, Creativity, Arts

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